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Objective To establish a scientific and objective evaluation model of the comprehensive performance of immunocolloidal gold qualitative rapid detection kits, and to provide a reference for the overall evaluation of similar products. Methods Based on the various factors affecting the performance of qualitative rapid detection kits, a comprehensive performance evaluation index system consisting of 4 first-level indicators and 18 second-level indicators was constructed.The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method were combined to determine the weights for the evaluation indicators and graded thresholds.The model was then used to evaluate the performance level of 6 brands of furazolidone metabolite rapid test kits. Results According to maximum membership degree principle, the evaluation of brand A, B, C, D, E and F were graded as good, excellent, middle, excellent, middle and excellent, respectively.Then the scores of 6 brands were calculated according to the hundred-mark system, and brand B had the highest score.This was consistent with the actual use experience. Conclusion The application of this model can make the evaluation results more comprehensive and accurate, providing reference for rational evaluation and selection of qualitative rapid detection kits.
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Objective:The phase separation of Baihutang was carried out. The content of mangiferin，new mangiferin，calciumion，glycyrrhizin and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in the solution phase，the nano phase and the precipitated phase of Baihutang were measured，so as to define the effect of nanometer particles of Baihutang on the growth of active components，and explain the mechanisms of Baihutang in potent detoxification and heat removal. Method:The phase separation of Baihutang was performed by high-speed centrifugation and dialysis. The contents of mangiferin，new mangiferin，glycyrrhizin and ammonium glycyrrhizinate in Baihutang were determined by HPLC. Chromatographic column Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm，5 μm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-25 mmol·L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution as the mobile phase, and eluted in a gradient mode. The detection wavelength was 257 nm，the column temperature was 30 ℃，and the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. EDTA-2Na solution was used to calibrate the calcium concentration in different phase states of Baihutang. Result:1 mL Baihutang nanoparticles contained 483.00 μg new mangiferin，1 068.88 μg mangiferin，219.93 μg glycyrrhizin and 187.10 μg ammonium glycyrrhizin，and the content of new mangiferin and mangiferin accounted for 89.4% and 89.9% respectively in 1 mL Baihutang. The new mangiferin and mangiferin in the nano phase were 230.0 and 23.3 times the true solution，and 8.5 and 14.4 times of the precipitation，respectively. The content of calcium ions in Baihutang in the nano phase was higher，accounting for 86.9% of Baihutang，and the content of calcium ions in Baihutang and Baihutang in the nano phase was higher than that in gypsum group. Conclusion:The content of main components in Baihutang in nanometer phase is significantly higher than that in other phases. The nanoparticles of Baihutang have a solubilizing effect on the main antipyretic components, such as mangiferin，mangiferin and calcium ions as well as the antitoxic components glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhizic acid. The mechanism of action of Baihutang is related to the formation of nanoparticles.
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Zixue was first recorded in detail in Qianjin Yifang, and practitioners of later generations renamed it as Zixuesan and Zixuedan, which is the representative prescription of antipyretic preparations and has high clinical application and research value. At present, there have been many studies on the pharmacological effect and clinical application of Zixue, but the medical books of the past dynasties have slightly different records on Zixue, which has brought some difficulties to the reasonable clinical application and research of this prescription. In addition to the introduction of Zixuesan, which is different from the ancient recipe, the researchers have questions about which development method can reasonably inherit and develop the classical preparation. The authors intend to summarize the historical evolution of "formula" and "preparation" of Zixue, in order to clarify its historical context, which can provide a reference for the modern research and development of this formula, and provide a new ideas for the in-depth exploration of other classic preparations.
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Breast cancer mainly occurs in woman's mammary epithelial tissues, with a complex and unclear pathogenesis. The mortality rate is high and increasing year by year, and the patients become younger and younger, which seriously threatens woman's health. Therefore, it's urgent to find high-efficiency and low-toxicity medicines against breast cancer. The breast is not an essential organ for life support, but the cancer cells can easily fall off and metastasize throughout the body with blood or lymph fluid. It's a main cause of death. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, molecular targeting, endocrine therapy, immunity therapy have certain limitations due to serious toxicity and side effects and the difficulty in controlling the invasion and metastasis of the cancer cell. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）has been widely studied and valued by researchers at home and abroad due to its unique advantages, such as multiple pathways, multiple targets, low toxicity and fewer side effects, and a lot of TCMs and their active ingredients with the anti-breast cancer activity have been studied by the researchers. Based on flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes and other TCM ingredients, the mechanism in inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation, inducing it apoptosis, inhibiting it invasion and migration in vitro were taken as the main content, which was supplemented by the summary of main relevant signal pathways targeted by the ingredients. This study reviewed the mechanism of ingredients in suppressing breast cancer in vitro by viewing and screening relevant literature at home and abroad in the past 10 years. The in-depth study of effective ingredients of TCM is expected to provide a reference for the development of effective targeting preparations for treating breast cancer. On the basis of in-depth excavation of active ingredients of TCM, relevant studies in the future are suggested to apply the ingredients of TCM acting on the same or similar pathways, factors, proteins, and make use of the basic theory of TCM, so as to achieve the effect in against breast cancer.
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Objective:To prepare self-emulsifying carrier system which was suitable for three Chinese medicinal ingredients(baicalein,berberine and allicin),and investigate transdermal absorption effect in vitro of these three self-emulsifying preparations. Method:The optimum formulation and dosage were screened by the saturated solubility method,pseudo-ternary phase diagram method and orthogonal experiment.Transdermal absorption test in vitro was carried out with excised rats skin and Franz diffusion cell.The cumulative penetration amounts of baicalein,berberine and allicin in the identical self-emulsifying system were determined by HPLC and compared with baicalein powder,berberine powder and allicin powder,respectively. Result:The optimum formulation was ethyl oleate-cremophor RH40-polyethylene glycol(PEG)400.The self-emulsifying preparation had a suitable particle size with a relatively regular spherical shape.At 10 h of transdermal absorption,the transdermal rates of baicalein,berberine and allicin in identical self-emulsifying system were 6.898 6,7.600 4,190.040 μg·cm-2·h-1,the cumulative penetration amounts of them were 71.38,85.54,1 795.16 μg·cm-2,respectively. Conclusion:The self-emulsifying carrier system is prepared successfully,which can be used by different kinds of Chinese medicinal ingredients,and the transdermal absorption effect in vitro of these self-emulsifying preparations is good,which can provide experimental basis for the preparation and transdermal absorption of self-emulsifying preparation of Chinese herbal compound.
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Objective To investigate the uptake mechanism of HepG2.2.15 cells to the nanoparticles co-loaded with syringopicroside and hydroxytyrosol (SH-NPs). Methods The nanoparticles were prepared by using a nanoprecipitation method with mPEG-PLGA as nano-carrier co-loaded with syringopicroside and hydroxytyrosol. The uptake mechanism of HepG2.2.15 cells to SH-NPs was studied by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using fluoresceineisothiocyanate (FITC) as a fluorescent marker. Results With colchicine as the inhibitor, the incubation time ranged from 0.5 to 24 h, the percentage of positive cells increased from 1.9% to 56.4%; When the drug concentration was 125, 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL, the positive cell percentages were 4.9%, 3.4% and 3.9%. With chloroquine as the inhibitor; the incubation time ranged from 0.5 to 24 h, the percentage of positive cells increased from 7.4% to 55.4%; When the drug concentration was 125, 250 and 500 μg/mL, the percentage of positive cells was 19.5%, 22.5% and 27.6%. Conclusion Colchicine and chloroquine have an inhibitory effect on HepG2.2.15 cells uptake, and the uptake of SH-NPs in HepG2.2.15 cells was positively correlated with drug concentration and incubation time. It can be concluded that the uptake mechanism of HepG2.2.15 cells to SH-NPs was nonspecific adsorption endocytosis.
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To investigate the effect of the combination of gastrodia and uncaria on the pharmacokinetics of gastrodin and rhynchophylline, and determine their pharmacokinetic parameters after administration of the combination of gastrodia and uncaria at the ratio of 12∶9. Compared with uncaria group or gastrodia group, Cmax and AUC of both gastrodin and rhynchophylline were significantly increased, and tmax was retroceded by 1.5 h for rhynchophylline and 0.25 h for gastrodin. The change of tmax resulted in a 1.25 h difference in the peak time between gastrodin and rhynchophylline , which was the same between them. Uncaria shows a more effect in suppressing hyperactive Yang, while gastrodia has a balancing effect by nourishing Yin and suppressing hyperactive Yang. As a result, gastrodia could exert the effect in nourishing Yin and suppressing effect of uncaria, which could avoid the deficiency of Yang affecting Yin due to mono-treatment of uncaria. On one hand, the enhanced AUC and Cmax of gastrodin could increase the average plasma drug concentration of gastrodin, and remedy the losing effect of uncaria at the early stage; On the other hand, the increased AUC and Cmax of rhynchophylline could make up the quick elimination of gastrodia in vivo at the late stage. Their combination could lead to an increased anti-hypertensive effect with the balance of Yin and Yang. They showed unique advantages compared with simple dosage increase of western medicines. The results were consistent with the principle of TCM treatment for the hypertension due to hyperactivity of the liver Yang. In short, this study gives a good pharmacokinetic explanation of the balance of Yin and Yang and TCM treatment for both symptoms and root cause.
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A new benzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-4-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl) phenoxy) henzaldehyde(1), together with six known compounds, including isovanillic acid(2), pyrocatechol(3), glutinosalactone A(4), chrysoeriol(5), apigenin(6) and luteolin(7) were isolated from aerial part of Rehmannia glutinosa. The compounds were isolated by macroporous resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC chromatographies. The chemical structures of 1-7 were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis (MS, 1D NMR and 2D NMR).
Subject(s)
Benzaldehydes , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Molecular Structure , Plant Components, Aerial , Chemistry , Rehmannia , Chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationABSTRACT
A new aporphine alkaloid (1), together with five known analogues (2-6), has been isolated from the branch of Litsea greenmaniana by using various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data analysis ( MS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR) as 2,9-dihydroxy-1,10-dimethoxy-4,5-dihydro-7-oxoaporphine (1), laurotetanine (2), N-methyllaurotetanine (3), isodomesticine (4), isocorydine (5), and norisocorydine (6). Compound 1 was a new compound, and compounds 2-6 were obtained from this plant for the first time.
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Alkaloids , Chemistry , Aporphines , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Litsea , Chemistry , Molecular Structure , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationABSTRACT
There are some small molecules with potential allergenicity in traditional Chinese medicine injections. They are lack of immunogenicity due to their small molecular weight, but they can lead to allergic reactions when they were coupled with appropriate vectors. Therefore, how to couple small molecule semi-antigens with vectors to prepare complete antigens with immunogenicity and reactogenicity is the key for screening small molecular allergenic substances out of traditional Chinese medicine injections. In terms of semi-antigen characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine injections, vector selection and application, coupling method and complete antigen purification and identification, the author introduces the latest research situations of artificial antigen and antibody preparation technology, the advance in experimental studies on screening of allergenic substances in traditional Chinese medicine injections, as well as the application prospect of immuno-chip technology in studies on allergenic substances in traditional Chinese medicine injections, with the aim of providing new experimental thoughts and methods for safety control of traditional Chinese medicine injections.
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Humans , Allergens , Chemistry , Allergy and Immunology , Antigens , Chemistry , Allergy and Immunology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Hypersensitivity , Allergy and Immunology , Injections , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methods , Serum Albumin , Chemistry , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
The cyclotides are a family of cyclic "mini" proteins that occur in Violaceae, Rubiaceae and Cucurbitaceae plant families and contain a head-to-tail cyclic backbone and a cystine knot arranged by three disulfide bonds. To study the natural cyclotides of V tianshanica, dried herb was extracted with 50% ethanol, and the concentrated aqueous extract was subjected to a solvent-solvent partitioning between water and hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, separately. The n-butanol extract containing cyclotides was subjected to column chromatography over Sephadex LH-20, eluted with 30% methanol. The subfractions were directly reduced by DTT and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC. The peaks with different retention times were shown on the profile of RP-HPLC and collected. The cyclotides were speculated based on masses range from 3 000 to 3 500 Da. The purified cyclotides were reduced with DTT, alkylated with iodoacetamide, and then were cleaved with endoproteinase Glu-C, endoproteinase Lys-C and Trypsin, separately. The digested peptides were purified on RP-HPLC and analyzed on MALDI TOF/TOF analyzer. A new cyclotide, cycloviolacin T1 and a reported cyclotide varv E were systemically determined using MALDI TOF/TOF system. So the method for the isolation and characterization of cyclotides was quickly built up in succession.
Subject(s)
Amino Acid Sequence , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Cyclotides , Chemistry , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Structure , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Viola , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To search for the method used in refining Xiaoyao Pill by macroporous adsorption resin, 12 types of macroporous adsorption resin were optimized.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Static and dynamic adsorption test and de-adsorption test were carried out to screen the best macroporous resin. The single factor test was applied to optimize the manipulation parameters of macroporous resin.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The macroporous resin D-101-1 possessed the strongest adsorption ability, in addition to an easy de-adsorption property.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The D-101-1 type macroporous adsorption resin shows better comprehensive adsorption property. It is available for the refine Xiaoyao Pill.</p>